2. Operational (performance) management of EMS

2.1 Purpose and scope

Operational management controls energy flows in real time based on current measurements and ensures:

• compliance with the 15-minute average consumption (reserved power input),
• compliance with the 15-minute average export (reserved power),
• protection of the consumption point according to the value of the main fuse (A),
• stable and smooth control of device power.

Fuse protection includes active and reactive power and is evaluated after each phase.

2.2  Energy flow control - operational logic

Operational control distinguishes between three basic directions of energy flows. A priority order (1–10) is used for each direction.

General priority rule

• 1 = highest priority
• 10 = lowest priority
• Devices with the same priority can be controlled simultaneously.
• Proportionally controllable devices are regulated continuously or in individual phases.

2.2.1 Flow: Production → Consumption / Accumulation

(typically PV → HP / EV / BESS)

Goal: maximum meaningful use of the energy produced in the building. Principle:

• The order of use of the energy produced (1–10) is set on the appliances and storage.
  • Energy is first directed to the device with priority 1, then 2, 3, etc.
  • If consumption or storage is proportionally controllable, the EMS ensures smooth power transfer.

Recommended philosophy:

• direct consumption first,

subsequent accumulation of surpluses.

2.2.2 Flow: Production/Accumulation → Consumption/GRID

• (typically PV / BESS → building / distribution network)

  • A supply attenuation order (1–10) is set on production sources and accumulation.
  • The device with priority 1 is curtailed first.
  • Typical use in consumption compensation mode:
    1. first, BESS discharge is curtailed,
    2. then the PV power is limited.

2.2.3 Flow: GRID → Consumption / Accumulation

(typically network → HP / EV / BESS)

Objective: to prevent exceeding the reserved power input or fuse rating. 

Principle:

• A sequence of attenuation in case of overload (1–10) is set on appliances and storage devices.
• When the limit is reached, devices are gradually restricted from priority 1 upwards. This mechanism is particularly important for:
  • SPOT price control,
  • combining high consumption and simultaneous storage charging.