The Energy Management System (EMS) is a multi-layered control system that optimizes the flow of electrical energy between generation, consumption, storage, and the distribution network.

EMS management is conceptually unified into a single logical unit with two levels:

• Operational (performance) management – manages energy flows in real time and ensures compliance with technical and contractual limits at the point of consumption.

• Predictive control – plans system operation over time to maximize economic benefits.

Operational management always has higher priority. Predictive management determines the preferred strategy, which is implemented only to the extent permitted by operational management.